English
animosity
Animosity comes from Latin animositas ‘courage, spirit, vehemence’, from Proto-Italic *anamos ‘breath’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂enh₁-‘to breathe’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂enh₁mos‘breath’reconstructednominal derivative of *h₂enh₁-
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*anamos‘breath’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEanimus‘courage, spirit, mind’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEanimosus
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEanimositas‘courage, spirit, vehemence’
- Frenchc. 1600–presentanimosité
- Englishtodayanimosity
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂enh₁-‘to breathe’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂enh₁mos‘breath’reconstructednominal derivative of *h₂enh₁-
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*anamos‘breath’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEanimus‘courage, spirit, mind’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEanimosus
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEanimositas‘courage, spirit, vehemence’
- Frenchc. 1600–presentanimosité
- Englishtodayanimosity
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- ‘to breathe’
and, asthma, inhale, exhalation, anima, prana, onde, 18 more
through Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos ‘breath’
through Latin animus ‘courage, spirit, mind’
animal, anime, unanimously, unanimous, animate, animator, animus, 11 more
Today it means
noun Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- / animosity