English
bray
Bray comes from Old French brai ‘of an animal: to bray’, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- ‘to smell, have a strong odour’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰreHg-‘to smell, have a strong odour’root as named · steps between not traced
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400brai‘of an animal: to bray’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500brayen‘of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly’
- Englishearliest quotation 1667bray
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰreHg-‘to smell, have a strong odour’root as named · steps between not traced
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400brai‘of an animal: to bray’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500brayen‘of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly’
- Englishearliest quotation 1667bray
Earliest quotation: 1667, John Milton, Book VI: “[N]ow ſtorming furie roſe, / And clamour ſuch as…”
The story
The verb is derived from Middle English brayen, brai, bray, braye (‘of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly; of the weather: to make a loud sound, howl, roar’), from Old French brai, braire (‘of an animal: to bray; of a person: to cry or shout out’) (modern French braire (‘of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep’)), possibly from Vulgar Latin *bragiō, from Gaulish *bragu (compare Breton breugiñ (‘to bray’), brammañ (‘to flatulate’), Cornish bramma, brabma (‘to flatulate’), Old Irish braigid (‘to flatulate’)), from Proto-Celtic *brageti, *bragyeti (‘to flatulate’), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (‘to flatulate; to stink’); cognate with Latin fragrō (‘to smell’). Alternatively, the word could be from a Germanic source, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (‘to break’), and cognate with frangere (‘to break, shatter’).disputed Scholars disagree here; the competing view is quoted as the source gives it.
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- ‘to smell, have a strong odour’
Another origin of bray
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰreg-‘to break’root as named · steps between not traced
- Anglo-Normanc. 1066–1400breier
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500brayen‘to break or crush into pieces’
- Englishtodaybray
Today it means
verb Of an animal (now chiefly of animals related to the ass or donkey, and the camel): to make its cry.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- / bray