English
buck
Buck comes from Middle English bukke ‘male goat’, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰuǵ-‘buck, he-goat’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*bukkazreconstructed
- Proto-Germanic, derivedc. 500 BCE–200 CE*bukkôreconstructed
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*bukkōreconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150bucca‘he-goat, a buck’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500bukke‘male goat’
- Englishearliest quotation 1808buck
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰuǵ-‘buck, he-goat’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*bukkazreconstructed
- Proto-Germanic, derivedc. 500 BCE–200 CE*bukkôreconstructed
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*bukkōreconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150bucca‘he-goat, a buck’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500bukke‘male goat’
- Englishearliest quotation 1808buck
Earliest quotation: 1808, Alexander Chalmers, The Connoisseur: The British Essayists: “This pusillanimous creature thinks himself, and would be thought,…”
The story
Currency-related senses hail from American English, a clipping of buckskin as a unit of trade among Native Americans and Europeans in frontier days (attested from 1748). The idea of rigidly standing implements is instilled by Dutch bok (‘sawhorse’) as in zaagbok (‘sawbuck’). The sense of an object indicating someone’s turn then occurred in American English, possibly originating from the game poker, where a knife (typically with a hilt made from a stag horn) was used as a place-marker to signify whose turn it was to deal. The place-marker was commonly referred to as a buck, which reinforced the term “pass the buck” used in poker, and eventually a silver dollar was used in place of a knife, which also led to a dollar being referred to as a buck.
Linked words
through Proto-Germanic *bukkaz
through Old English bucca ‘he-goat, a buck’
Another origin of buck
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰugʰ-reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*bukkōną‘to bend’reconstructed
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*bukkōn‘to bend, bend repeatedly’reconstructed
- Middle Low Germanc. 1200–1600bucken‘to bend’uncertain
- Englishtodaybuck
Influenced in some senses by buck “male goat” (see above). Sense “to meet, to encounter” is a semantic loan from Jamaican Creole buck.
Today it means
noun A male deer, antelope, sheep, goat, rabbit, hare, and sometimes the male of other animals such as the hamster, ferret, salmonid, shad, skunk and kangaroo.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- / buck