Etymograph

English

elven

Elven comes from Middle English elve ‘elf or fairy of either sex’, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *albʰós ‘white’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*albʰós‘white’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*albiz‘elf, fairy’reconstructed
  3. Old Englishc. 450–1150ielf‘elf’
  4. Old English, derivedc. 450–1150elfen‘female elf’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500elve‘elf or fairy of either sex’
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1982elven

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*albʰós‘white’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*albiz‘elf, fairy’reconstructed
  3. Old Englishc. 450–1150ielf‘elf’
  4. Old English, derivedc. 450–1150elfen‘female elf’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500elve‘elf or fairy of either sex’
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1982elven

Earliest quotation: 1982, Terry Brooks, New York: “When you told Amberle that we must come here…”

The story

The English word is cognate with Middle High German elbinne (‘fairy, nymph’).

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *albʰós ‘white’

album, alba, albino, albedo, 29 more

through Proto-Germanic *albiz ‘elf, fairy’

oaf

through Old English ielf ‘elf’

elf

through Old English elfen ‘female elf’

elfin

Another origin of elven

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂elbʰós‘white’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*albiz‘elf’reconstructed
  3. Old Englishc. 450–1150ielfas ælf‘elf’
  4. Old English, derivedc. 450–1150elfen‘nymph, spirit, fairy’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500elven‘elf or fairy of either sex’
  6. Englishtodaysame form

From the attributive use of Middle English elven (‘elf or fairy of either sex’) (see etymology 1), like English elfin, reinterpreted as elf + -en (suffix with the sense ‘pertaining to; having the qualities of; resembling’ forming adjectives). The word first appears in the English author and philologist J. Tolkien’s works The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954–1955): see the quotations.

Today it means

noun Originally, a female elf, a fairy, a nymph; (by extension) any elf.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *albʰós / elven

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