English
forbid
Forbid comes from Old English forbēodan ‘to forbid, prohibit, restrain, refuse, repeal,…’, from Proto-Germanic *furi ‘for, before’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*preh₂-‘before, in front’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*furi‘for, before’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanic, derivedc. 500 BCE–200 CE*furibeudaną‘to forbid, prohibit, command against’reconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150forbēodan‘to forbid, prohibit, restrain, refuse, repeal, annul’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500forbeden
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1597forbid
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*preh₂-‘before, in front’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*furi‘for, before’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanic, derivedc. 500 BCE–200 CE*furibeudaną‘to forbid, prohibit, command against’reconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150forbēodan‘to forbid, prohibit, restrain, refuse, repeal, annul’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500forbeden
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1597forbid
Earliest quotation: c. 1597, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wiues of Windsor: “Have I not forbid her my house?”
Formed from for- ‘from, away’ + bid ‘to offer, proclaim’
Proto-Indo-European *pro- ‘before, in front of’
Proto-Germanic *fra- ‘off, away’
Proto-West Germanic *fra- ‘forms verbs with the sense of "away from" or…’
English for-
Proto-Germanic *bidjaną ‘to ask’
Proto-West Germanic *biddjan ‘to ask’
Old English biddan ‘to ask’
Middle English bidden ‘to ask, beseech’
English bid
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- ‘before, in front’
first, premier, prestigious, prairie, primer, preface, prefix, primate, primacy, precede, preeminent, prescient, parasol, parley, impregnate, portobello, 17 more
through Proto-Germanic *furi ‘for, before’
Today it means
verb To disallow; to proscribe.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- / forbid