English
hostility
Hostility comes from Latin hostīlitās ‘hostility, enmity’, from hostis ‘enemy’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis ‘guest, stranger’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*gʰóstis‘guest, stranger’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*hostis‘stranger, guest’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEhostis‘enemy’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEhostilis‘hostile’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEhostīlitās‘hostility, enmity’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400hostilité
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500hostilitie
- Englishearliest quotation 1603hostility
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Earlier history uncertain.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*gʰóstis‘guest, stranger’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*hostis‘stranger, guest’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEhostis‘enemy’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEhostilis‘hostile’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEhostīlitās‘hostility, enmity’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400hostilité
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500hostilitie
- Englishearliest quotation 1603hostility
Earliest quotation: 1603, Michel de Montaigne, The Essayes […]: “There is no hostilitie so excellent, as that which…”
Equivalent to hostile + -ity
Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis ‘guest’
Proto-Italic *hostis ‘stranger’
Latin hostis ‘enemy’
Latin hostīlis
Middle French hostile
English hostile
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis ‘guest, stranger’
Today it means
noun The state of being hostile.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis / hostility