Etymograph

English

independent

Independent comes from Middle English independent.

  1. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500independent
  2. Englishearliest quotation 1795same form

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed

Lineage

  1. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500independent
  2. Englishearliest quotation 1795same form

Earliest quotation: 1795, Robert Plumer Ward: “That obligation in general, under which we conceive ourselves…”

Formed from in- + dependent

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én ‘in’

Proto-Germanic *in ‘into’

English in-

Middle French dependant

Middle English dependaunt

English dependent

Today it means

adj Not dependent; not contingent or depending on something else; free.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Middle English independent / independent