Etymograph

English

mood

Mood comes from Old English mōd ‘mind’, from Proto-Germanic *mōdaz ‘sense, courage, zeal, anger’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁- ‘endeavour, will, temper’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*moh₁-‘endeavour’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*mōdaz‘sense’reconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*mōd‘mind’reconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150mōd‘mind’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500mood
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1842same form

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*moh₁-‘endeavour’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*mōdaz‘sense’reconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*mōd‘mind’reconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150mōd‘mind’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500mood
  6. Englishearliest quotation 1842same form

Earliest quotation: 1842, Alfred Tennyson, The Palace of Art: “Nor these alone, but every landscape fair, / As…”

Every English word from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-

Another origin of mood

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*med-‘to measure’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*mod-ós‘measure’reconstructed
  3. Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*modosreconstructed
  4. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEmodus‘measure’
  5. Englishtodaymood

Alteration of mode, from Latin modus, with specialized uses in grammar, music and logic.

Today it means

noun A mental or emotional state, composure.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *moh₁- / mood

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