Etymograph

English

rampart

Rampart comes from Middle French rempart ‘rampart of a fort’, from Old French emparer ‘defend, fortify, surround, seize, take…’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- ‘to grant’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*perh₃-‘to grant’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*pr̥h₃-o-‘providing’reconstructed
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEparō‘to prepare’
  4. Vulgar Latinc. 100–700 CE*anteparō‘to prepare’reconstructed
  5. Old Occitanc. 950–1500amparer
  6. Old Frenchc. 842–1400emparer‘defend, fortify, surround, seize, take possession of’
  7. Old French, derivedc. 842–1400remparer‘to defend, fortify, inclose with a rampart’
  8. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600rempart‘rampart of a fort’
  9. Englishearliest quotation 1796rampart

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*perh₃-‘to grant’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*pr̥h₃-o-‘providing’reconstructed
  3. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEparō‘to prepare’
  4. Vulgar Latinc. 100–700 CE*anteparō‘to prepare’reconstructed
  5. Old Occitanc. 950–1500amparer
  6. Old Frenchc. 842–1400emparer‘defend, fortify, surround, seize, take possession of’
  7. Old French, derivedc. 842–1400remparer‘to defend, fortify, inclose with a rampart’
  8. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600rempart‘rampart of a fort’
  9. Englishearliest quotation 1796rampart

Earliest quotation: 1796, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Bristol: “Those grassy Hills, those glitt’ring Dells Proudly ramparted with…”

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- ‘to grant’

party, particular, experiment, expert, participate, participation, partial, parental, particle, partisan, parcel, partition, para, depart, parity, particulate, impart, repartee, parter, 31 more

through Latin parō ‘to prepare’

several, empire, separate, repair, emperor, imperial, preparation, separation, apparel, apparatus, empress, parachute, preparatory, severance, disparate, inseparable, imperious, imperium, separator, pare, reparation, imperator, separable, 15 more

Today it means

noun A defensive mound of earth or a wall with a broad top and usually a stone parapet; a wall-like ridge of earth, stones or debris; an embankment for defensive purpose.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- / rampart

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