English
shine
Shine comes from Old English sċīnan ‘to shine’, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y-.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*(s)ḱeh₁y-‘to shine, shimmer’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*skīnaną‘to shine’reconstructed
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*skīnan‘to shine’reconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150sċīnan‘to shine’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500shinen
- Englishearliest quotation 1590shine
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*(s)ḱeh₁y-‘to shine, shimmer’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*skīnaną‘to shine’reconstructed
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*skīnan‘to shine’reconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150sċīnan‘to shine’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500shinen
- Englishearliest quotation 1590shine
Earliest quotation: 1590, Edmund Spenser, Book I, Canto IV: “So proud she shyned in her Princely state.”
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- ‘to shine, shimmer’
Another origin of shine
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*(s)ḱeh₁y-‘to shine, shimmer’uncertain
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*skīnaną‘to shine’uncertain
- Proto-Germanic, derivedc. 500 BCE–200 CE*skainijaną‘to make shine’uncertaincausative of *skīnaną
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*skainijanuncertain
- Old Englishc. 450–1150scǣnan‘to render brilliant, make shine’uncertain
- Old English, derivedc. 450–1150scīn‘brightness, shine’uncertain
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500schinenuncertain
- Englishtodayshine
From the noun shine, or perhaps continuing Middle English schinen in its causative uses, from Old English scīn (‘brightness, shine’), and also Middle English schenen, from Old English scǣnan (‘to render brilliant, make shine’), from Proto-Germanic *skainijaną, causative of *skīnaną (‘to shine’).
Today it means
verb To emit or reflect light so as to glow.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- / shine