Etymograph

English

toll

Toll comes from Middle English toll ‘a toll, tax, or charge’, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *del- ‘calculation, fraud’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*del-‘calculation, fraud’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*tullaz‘toll, custom’reconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*tollreconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150toll‘tax, toll, fare’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500toll‘a toll, tax, or charge’
  6. Englishearliest quotation c. 1596toll

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*del-‘calculation, fraud’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*tullaz‘toll, custom’reconstructed
  3. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*tollreconstructed
  4. Old Englishc. 450–1150toll‘tax, toll, fare’
  5. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500toll‘a toll, tax, or charge’
  6. Englishearliest quotation c. 1596toll

Earliest quotation: c. 1596, William Shakespeare, The Life and Death of King Iohn: “No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our…”

The story

Alternate etymology derives Old English toll from Medieval Latin tolōneum, tolōnium, alteration (due to the Germanic forms above) of Latin telōneum, from Ancient Greek τελώνιον (telṓnion, “toll-house”), from τέλος (télos, “tax”).

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *del- ‘calculation, fraud’

tale, teal, 3 more

Another origin of toll

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*delH-‘to allure’reconstructed
  2. Old Englishc. 450–1150*tyllan‘to allure’reconstructed
  3. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500tillen‘to draw, allure, entice’
  4. Middle English, derivedc. 1150–1500tolen
  5. Englishtodaytoll

Today it means

noun A fee paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, etc.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *del- / toll

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