English
troika
Troika comes from Russian тро́йка ‘a group of three’, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*tréyes‘three’reconstructed
- Proto-Balto-Slavicc. 2000–500 BCE*tríjes‘three’reconstructed
- Proto-Slavicc. 400–900 CE*trьje‘three’reconstructed
- Old East Slavicmodernтрие‘three (3)’
- Russianmodernтри‘three (3)’
- Russian, derivedmodernтро́йкаtrójka‘a group of three’
- Englishearliest quotation 1880troika
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*tréyes‘three’reconstructed
- Proto-Balto-Slavicc. 2000–500 BCE*tríjes‘three’reconstructed
- Proto-Slavicc. 400–900 CE*trьje‘three’reconstructed
- Old East Slavicmodernтрие‘three (3)’
- Russianmodernтри‘three (3)’
- Russian, derivedmodernтро́йкаtrójka‘a group of three’
- Englishearliest quotation 1880troika
Earliest quotation: 1880, Constance Garnett: “A great writer of the last epoch, comparing Russia…”
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *tréyes ‘three’
three, distribution, contribute, tribute, tribe, tribal, trinity, tribunal, trio, tribune, tri, trey, tres, tern, triplex, 11 more
Today it means
noun A Russian carriage drawn by a team of three horses abreast.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *tréyes / troika