English
tuberculosis
Tuberculosis comes from Latin tūberculum ‘a small swelling, bump, or protuberance’, and goes back to tūber ‘lump’.
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEtūber‘lump’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEtūberculum‘a small swelling, bump, or protuberance’
- New Latinc. 1500–1900tūberculōsis
- Englishearliest quotation 2019tuberculosis
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Earlier history not traced here.
Lineage
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEtūber‘lump’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEtūberculum‘a small swelling, bump, or protuberance’
- New Latinc. 1500–1900tūberculōsis
- Englishearliest quotation 2019tuberculosis
Earliest quotation: 2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants: “With smallpox gone, tuberculosis is today the deadliest infectious…”
Formed from -ōsis ‘diseased condition’
The story
To international scientific vocabulary from New Latin tūberculōsis, from Latin tūberculum (diminutive of tūber (‘lump’)) + Latin -ōsis (‘diseased condition’); by surface analysis, tubercul(um) + -osis; named for the encapsulated colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the lungs in pulmonary tuberculosis, which can look like small tubers (tubercles) on gross pathology. The disease has existed throughout human experience and had other names for millennia before scientific medicine renamed it with a New Latin term in the mid-19th century (1840s); in English it was called consumption because of the wasting away that consumed health and seemed even to consume flesh in some cases (for example, causing fistulas and tissue breakdown).
Linked words
through Latin tūber ‘lump’
Today it means
noun An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Latin tūber / tuberculosis