Etymograph

English

warlock

Warlock comes from Old English wǣrloga ‘traitor, deceiver’, from Proto-West Germanic *wārulogō ‘liar’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁- ‘true’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*weh₁-‘true’root as named
  2. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*wārulogō‘liar’reconstructed
  3. Old Englishc. 450–1150wǣrloga‘traitor, deceiver’literally ‘truce-breaker’
  4. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500warloghe
  5. Englishearliest quotation 1730warlock

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*weh₁-‘true’root as named
  2. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*wārulogō‘liar’reconstructed
  3. Old Englishc. 450–1150wǣrloga‘traitor, deceiver’literally ‘truce-breaker’
  4. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500warloghe
  5. Englishearliest quotation 1730warlock

Earliest quotation: 1730, Edward Burt: “He was himself a warlock, or wizard, which they…”

The story

From Middle English warloghe, warlowe, warloȝe, from Old English wǣrloga (“traitor, deceiver”, literally “truce-breaker”), from Proto-West Germanic *wārulogō (‘liar’), equivalent to Old English wǣr (‘covenant, truce, pact, promise’) (from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁- (‘true’); whence also Latin vērus) + loga (‘liar’), from Proto-Germanic *lugô, related to Old English lēogan (whence English lie). The hard -ck ending originated in Scottish and Northern English, like the sense "male magic-user" (from the notion that such men were in league with the Devil and had thus broken their baptismal vows / betrayed Christianity). A few writers alternatively propose a derivation from Old Norse varðlokkur (“incantations, charms”, literally “ward songs”), but as the OED notes, this is implausible due to the extreme rarity of the Norse word, the semantic difference, and because forms without hard -k, which are consistent with the Old English etymology (‘traitor’), are attested earlier than forms with -k, and forms with -ð- are not attested.disputed Scholars disagree here; the competing view is quoted as the source gives it.

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *weh₁- ‘true’

very, veritable, veracity, verity, aver, 4 more

Today it means

noun A male magic-user; a male equivalent of a witch; a wizard.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *weh₁- / warlock