English
doge
Doge comes from Venetan doxe, from Latin dux ‘leader’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- ‘to pull, to draw’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*dewk-‘to pull, to draw’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*déwkti‘to pull, to draw’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*doukō‘to lead’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdūcō‘to lead, guide, conduct, lead away’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEdux‘leader’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEducemaccusative of dux
- Venetanmoderndoxe
- Italianc. 1300–presentdoge
- Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600same form
- Englishearliest quotation 1797same form
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*dewk-‘to pull, to draw’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*déwkti‘to pull, to draw’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*doukō‘to lead’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdūcō‘to lead, guide, conduct, lead away’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEdux‘leader’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEducemaccusative of dux
- Venetanmoderndoxe
- Italianc. 1300–presentdoge
- Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600same form
- Englishearliest quotation 1797same form
Earliest quotation: 1797, John Adams: “In the thirteenth century, a new method of appointing…”
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *dewk- ‘to pull, to draw’
team, touch, tie, introduce, toy, duchess, tow, tying, tuck, tighten, tug, tether, taut, herzog, untie, tew, induct, teem, 93 more
through Proto-Indo-European *déwkti ‘to pull, to draw’
unproductive, productively, abductor, preproduction, 92 more
through Proto-Italic *doukō ‘to lead’
producer, productive, productivity, conductor, reproduction, reproduce, deduction, seduction, deduct, byproduct, conduction, inductive, subduction, reductive, abduct, transduction, ductile, overproduction, inductor, adductor, adduct, 96 more
through Latin dūcō ‘to lead, guide, conduct, lead away’
production, product, produce, reduce, conduct, introduction, reduction, induction, duct, induce, conn, conducive, seduce, douche, subdue, transducer, redux, cond, redoubt, dukedom, 117 more
through Latin dux ‘leader’
education, duke, educate, educator, duchy, duce, ducal, dux, 8 more
through Latin ducem
Today it means
noun The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *dewk- / doge