English
doubt
Doubt comes from Middle English douten ‘to doubt, fear, worry’, from Old French doter, and ultimately from Latin dubitō ‘to be uncertain, doubt’.
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdubitō‘to be uncertain, doubt’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400doter‘to doubt, fear’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500douten‘to doubt, fear, worry’
- Englishearliest quotation 1533doubt
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdubitō‘to be uncertain, doubt’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400doter‘to doubt, fear’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500douten‘to doubt, fear, worry’
- Englishearliest quotation 1533doubt
Earliest quotation: 1533, The Seconde Rule: “There be but two wayes onely⸝ the one whiche…”
The story
The verb is derived from Middle English douten (‘to doubt, fear, worry’) [and other forms], from Old French douter, doter, duter (compare Middle French doubter), from Latin dubitāre (‘to be uncertain, doubt; to hesitate, waver in coming to an opinion; to consider, ponder’); the further etymology is uncertain, but one theory is that dubitō may be derived from dubius (‘fluctuating, wavering; doubtful, dubious, uncertain’), from duhibius (‘held as two’), from duo (‘two’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (‘two’)) + habeō (‘to have, hold’) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (‘to grab, take’)).disputed Scholars disagree here; the competing view is quoted as the source gives it. Spelling reformers of the early modern period added the letter b to reflect the Latin root dubitō, but it has never been pronounced in English. The ESL "question" sense is a semantic loan from Romance cognates: Portuguese dúvida, Spanish duda, Catalan dubte, French doute, Italian dubbio and others, which can all mean "question".
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- ‘to grab, take’
able, due, average, ability, exhibition, habit, prohibition, debit, endeavor, prohibit, inhibition, inhibit, javelin, gab, haver, aver, debenture, habilitation, 26 more
through Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ ‘two’
two, vice, defeat, twin, dual, duo, binary, diplomacy, vicious, duet, twain, bis, disparate, biceps, twig, deuce, bes, binocular, betwixt, 21 more
through Latin dubius ‘fluctuating, wavering’
Today it means
verb To consider questionable or unlikely; to hesitate to believe; to lack confidence in; to question.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Latin dubitō / doubt