Etymograph

English

doubt

Doubt comes from Middle English douten ‘to doubt, fear, worry’, from Old French doter, and ultimately from Latin dubitō ‘to be uncertain, doubt’.

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdubitō‘to be uncertain, doubt’
  2. Old Frenchc. 842–1400doter‘to doubt, fear’
  3. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500douten‘to doubt, fear, worry’
  4. Englishearliest quotation 1533doubt

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed

Lineage

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdubitō‘to be uncertain, doubt’
  2. Old Frenchc. 842–1400doter‘to doubt, fear’
  3. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500douten‘to doubt, fear, worry’
  4. Englishearliest quotation 1533doubt

Earliest quotation: 1533, The Seconde Rule: “There be but two wayes onely⸝ the one whiche…”

The story

The verb is derived from Middle English douten (‘to doubt, fear, worry’) [and other forms], from Old French douter, doter, duter (compare Middle French doubter), from Latin dubitāre (‘to be uncertain, doubt; to hesitate, waver in coming to an opinion; to consider, ponder’); the further etymology is uncertain, but one theory is that dubitō may be derived from dubius (‘fluctuating, wavering; doubtful, dubious, uncertain’), from duhibius (‘held as two’), from duo (‘two’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (‘two’)) + habeō (‘to have, hold’) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (‘to grab, take’)).disputed Scholars disagree here; the competing view is quoted as the source gives it. Spelling reformers of the early modern period added the letter b to reflect the Latin root dubitō, but it has never been pronounced in English. The ESL "question" sense is a semantic loan from Romance cognates: Portuguese dúvida, Spanish duda, Catalan dubte, French doute, Italian dubbio and others, which can all mean "question".

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- ‘to grab, take’

able, due, average, ability, exhibition, habit, prohibition, debit, endeavor, prohibit, inhibition, inhibit, javelin, gab, haver, aver, debenture, habilitation, 26 more

through Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ ‘two’

two, vice, defeat, twin, dual, duo, binary, diplomacy, vicious, duet, twain, bis, disparate, biceps, twig, deuce, bes, binocular, betwixt, 21 more

through Latin dubius ‘fluctuating, wavering’

dubious, 7 more

Today it means

verb To consider questionable or unlikely; to hesitate to believe; to lack confidence in; to question.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Latin dubitō / doubt