Etymograph

English

kingdom

Kingdom comes from Old English cyningdōm ‘royal power’, from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz ‘realm’, from *kuningaz ‘king’, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- ‘to beget’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ǵenh₁-‘to beget’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*ǵn̥h₁-yó-m‘begotten’reconstructed
  3. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*kunją‘kin, clan’reconstructed
  4. Proto-Germanic, derivedc. 500 BCE–200 CE*kuningaz‘king’reconstructed
  5. Proto-Germanic, derivedc. 500 BCE–200 CE*kuningadōmaz‘realm’reconstructed
  6. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*kuningadōmreconstructed
  7. Old Englishc. 450–1150cyningdōm‘royal power or authority’
  8. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500kingdom
  9. Englishearliest quotation 1839kingdom

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ǵenh₁-‘to beget’reconstructed
  2. Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*ǵn̥h₁-yó-m‘begotten’reconstructed
  3. Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*kunją‘kin, clan’reconstructed
  4. Proto-Germanic, derivedc. 500 BCE–200 CE*kuningaz‘king’reconstructed
  5. Proto-Germanic, derivedc. 500 BCE–200 CE*kuningadōmaz‘realm’reconstructed
  6. Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*kuningadōmreconstructed
  7. Old Englishc. 450–1150cyningdōm‘royal power or authority’
  8. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500kingdom
  9. Englishearliest quotation 1839kingdom

Earliest quotation: 1839, Jonathan Pereira: “The Organized and inorganized kingdoms are distinguished from each…”

Formed from king + -dom

Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- ‘to produce’

…

Proto-Germanic *kuningaz

Proto-West Germanic *kuning

Old English cening

Middle English king ‘king’

English king

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- ‘to beget, give birth’

general, nature, german, kind, nation, generation, native, gender, pregnant, engine, gene, genius, oxygen, ken, genre, genuine, gentle, indigenous, hydrogen, genocide, naive, genus, noel, genital, natal, innate, nee, germ, nativity, nada, nascent, naïve, gentile, ingenious, janata, gens, puny, glycogen, genial, genteel, 114 more

through Proto-Germanic *kunją ‘clan’

kin, kine, 5 more

Today it means

noun A realm having a king or queen as its actual or nominal sovereign.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- / kingdom

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