English
satem
Satem comes from Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 ‘hundred’, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥t ‘ten’, and ultimately from *déḱm̥.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*déḱm̥‘ten’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*déḱm̥t‘ten’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱm̥tóm‘hundred’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Iranianc. 2500–1800 BCE*ćatám‘hundred’reconstructed
- Proto-Iranianprehistoric (reconstructed)*catámreconstructed
- Avestanmodern𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀satəmas 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨‘hundred’
- Englishtodaysatem
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*déḱm̥‘ten’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*déḱm̥t‘ten’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱm̥tóm‘hundred’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-Iranianc. 2500–1800 BCE*ćatám‘hundred’reconstructed
- Proto-Iranianprehistoric (reconstructed)*catámreconstructed
- Avestanmodern𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀satəmas 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨‘hundred’
- Englishtodaysatem
The story
The canonical example of a word that changed Proto-Indo-European palatovelar */ḱ/ into sibilant /s/ by the 3rd millennium BCE, as opposed to Latin centum (‘hundred’).
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ ‘ten’
dick, ten, decade, dean, dozen, den, diner, decimal, denier, tenfold, deca, centigrade, dwt, doyen, deni, centenarian, 47 more
through Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥t ‘ten’
through Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm ‘hundred’
Today it means
adj Of or relating to a Proto-Indo-European language group that produced sibilants from a series of palatovelar stops.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ / satem