English
together
Together comes from Old English tōgædere, from Proto-West Germanic *tōgadura, from Proto-Germanic *tō ‘to’ + *gadar ‘together’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- ‘to unite, keep’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*gʰedʰ-‘to unite, keep’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*gadar‘together’reconstructed
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*tōgadurareconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150tōgædere‘together’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500togedere
- Middle English, derivedc. 1150–1500together
- Englishearliest quotation 1620together
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*gʰedʰ-‘to unite, keep’reconstructed
- Proto-Germanicc. 500 BCE–200 CE*gadar‘together’reconstructed
- Proto-West Germanicc. 200–500 CE*tōgadurareconstructed
- Old Englishc. 450–1150tōgædere‘together’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500togedere
- Middle English, derivedc. 1150–1500together
- Englishearliest quotation 1620together
Earliest quotation: 1620, Giovanni Bocaccio, The Decameron: “[…]purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee…”
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ ‘two’
Proto-Indo-European *dwís ‘two-ways, in twain’
Proto-Germanic *twiz- ‘apart, in two’
Proto-West Germanic *tō-
English to-
Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- ‘to unite, assemble, keep’
Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn ‘to bring together, unite, gather’
Old English gaderian ‘to gather, assemble’
Middle English gaderen ‘to assemble, congregate’
English gather
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- ‘to unite, keep’
good, best, better, gather, gad, 6 more
through Proto-Germanic *tō
Today it means
adv At the same time, in the same place; in close association or proximity.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- / together