English
citation
Citation comes from Latin citātiō ‘summoning, calling’, from cieō ‘to move, stir’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keyh₂-.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*keyh₂-‘to move’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*kieō‘to stir’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcieō‘to move, stir’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEcitō‘summon’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEcitātiō‘summoning, calling’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400citation
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500citacioun
- Englishearliest quotation 1851citation
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*keyh₂-‘to move’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*kieō‘to stir’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEcieō‘to move, stir’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEcitō‘summon’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEcitātiō‘summoning, calling’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400citation
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500citacioun
- Englishearliest quotation 1851citation
Earliest quotation: 1851, United States Reports/Volume 70: “No citation was issued upon this appeal returnable to…”
Equivalent to cite + -ation
Latin ciō ‘to rouse, excite, call’
Latin citare ‘to cause to move, excite, summon’
Old French citer
English cite
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *keyh₂- ‘to move’
kinase, kinetic, cytokine, cine, kinematics, kine, 12 more
through Latin citō ‘summon’
Today it means
noun An official summons or notice given to a person to appear.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *keyh₂- / citation