English
include
Include comes from Middle English includen, from Latin inclūdō ‘to shut in, enclose’ (in- + claudō ‘to shut’), ultimately from PIE *kleh₂w- ‘key’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*kleh₂w-‘key, hook, nail’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEclaudō‘to shut’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEinclūdō‘to shut in, enclose’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500includen
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1590–1591include
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*kleh₂w-‘key, hook, nail’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEclaudō‘to shut’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEinclūdō‘to shut in, enclose’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500includen
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1590–1591include
Earliest quotation: c. 1590–1591, William Shakespeare, The Two Gentlemen of Verona: “Come, let us go; we will include all jars…”
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- ‘key, hook, nail’
close, exclusive, closure, clause, exclude, conclude, cataract, cloister, recluse, conclave, claustrophobia, sluice, occlusion, preclude, cloture, subclavian, 34 more
through Latin inclūdere ‘to shut in, enclose, insert’
Today it means
verb To bring into a group, class, set, or total as a (new) part or member.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- / include