English
surrender
Surrender comes from Old French surrendre ‘to give up’, from rendre ‘render’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- ‘give’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*deh₃-‘give’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*dédeh₃ti‘to be giving’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*didō‘to give’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdō‘give’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEreddōas reddere‘to give back, return, restore’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CErendere
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400rendre‘render’
- Old French, derivedc. 842–1400surrendre‘to give up’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500surrendren
- Englishtodaysurrender
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*deh₃-‘give’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*dédeh₃ti‘to be giving’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*didō‘to give’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEdō‘give’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEreddōas reddere‘to give back, return, restore’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CErendere
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400rendre‘render’
- Old French, derivedc. 842–1400surrendre‘to give up’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500surrendren
- Englishtodaysurrender
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- ‘give’
date, add, addition, delicious, donate, donation, donor, dow, vendor, additive, dowry, rendition, condone, dowager, addendum, perdition, dower, dati, endow, sconce, 39 more
through Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti ‘to be giving’
dose, antidote, anecdote, dacha, 19 more
through Proto-Italic *didō ‘to give’
through Latin dō ‘give’
data, die, tradition, treason, vent, 17 more
through Late Latin rendere
through Old French rendre ‘render’
Another origin of surrender
- Anglo-Normanc. 1066–1400surrendre
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500surrendre
- Englishtodaysurrender
Today it means
verb To give up into the power, control, or possession of another.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- / surrender