Etymograph

English

urban

Urban is borrowed from Middle French urbain ‘belonging to a city’, or directly from its source Latin urbānus, from urbs ‘city’.

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEurbs‘city’
  2. Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEurbānus‘of or belonging to a city’
  3. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600urbain‘belonging to a city’uncertain
  4. Englishearliest quotation 1601urban

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed

Lineage

  1. Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEurbs‘city’
  2. Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEurbānus‘of or belonging to a city’
  3. Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600urbain‘belonging to a city’uncertain
  4. Englishearliest quotation 1601urban

Earliest quotation: 1601, Caius Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder]: “Inſomuch, as thoſe citizens vvere reputed for cheeſe and…”

The story

Borrowed from Middle French urbain (‘belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane’) (modern French urbain), or from its etymon Latin urbānus (‘of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated’) + English -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Urbānus is derived from urbs (‘city; walled town; Rome’) (further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (‘to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence’) or *werbʰ- (‘to enclose’)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).uncertain The source flags this step as uncertain. For the euphemistic or proscribed term, it was coined by New York radio DJ Frankie Crocker in the early to mid-1970s as a synonym for Black music.

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- ‘enclosure, fence, belt’

hangar, girth, girdle, jardin, gord, gird, 10 more

through Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos ‘hedge, fence’

garden, yard, garth, 4 more

Today it means

adj Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Latin urbs / urban

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