Etymograph

English

withdraw

Withdraw comes from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- ‘to drag, pull’.

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*dʰregʰ-‘to drag, pull’root as named · steps between not traced
  2. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500withdrawen
  3. Englishearliest quotation 1535withdraw

attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed

Lineage

  1. Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*dʰregʰ-‘to drag, pull’root as named · steps between not traced
  2. Middle Englishc. 1150–1500withdrawen
  3. Englishearliest quotation 1535withdraw

Earliest quotation: 1535, Myles Coverdale: “I wyl be his father, and he ſhal be…”

Formed from with- + draw

Proto-Germanic *wiþi- ‘counter-, anti-, gain-, with-’

Proto-West Germanic *wiþi- ‘counter-, anti-, gain-, with-’

English with-

Proto-Germanic *draganą ‘to carry’

Proto-West Germanic *dragan ‘to carry’

Old English dragan ‘to drag’

Middle English dragen ‘to drag’

English draw

The story

From Middle English withdrawen, withdrauen (‘to depart, leave, move away; (reflexive) to go away; (reflexive) to leave someone’s service; (often reflexive) to draw back or retreat (from a battlefield or dangerous place), withdraw; to abandon, desert; to go, go forth; to move; of the sea, water, etc.: to (cause to) ebb, recede, subside; to disappear; to slacken, wane; (often reflexive) to cease, stop; to desist, refrain; (reflexive) to go back on, recant; to avoid, eschew; to bring under control, contain, suppress; to curb, curtail; to delay, put off; to demur, refuse; to carry or take away, deprive of, remove; to contract, draw away or in, retract; to deny, refuse; to revoke; to withhold; to divert; to separate; to adopt, borrow, imitate’) [and other forms], from with- (prefix meaning ‘away; back’) + drawen, drauen (‘to drag, pull, tow, tug, draw [and other senses]’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (‘to drag, pull; to run’)); see further at with- and draw. The English word is analysable as with- + draw.

Linked words

through Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- ‘to drag, pull’

train, attractive, draft, retreat, attraction, portrait, drawing, drag, extraction, distraction, tract, drawer, draught, entreat, 51 more

Today it means

verb To draw or pull (something) away or back from its original position or situation.

Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.

Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- / withdraw