English
Panathenaea
Panathenaea comes from Ancient Greek Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ, from Ἀθήνη ‘Athena’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- ‘to protect, to ward’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*peh₂-‘to protect, to ward’root as named
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἈθήνη‘Athena’
- Ancient Greek, derivedc. 800–300 BCEΠᾰνᾰθήναιᾰPănăthḗnaiă
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEPanathēnaea
- Englishearliest quotation a. 1823Panathenaea
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*peh₂-‘to protect, to ward’root as named
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEἈθήνη‘Athena’
- Ancient Greek, derivedc. 800–300 BCEΠᾰνᾰθήναιᾰPănăthḗnaiă
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEPanathēnaea
- Englishearliest quotation a. 1823Panathenaea
Earliest quotation: a. 1823, Plato, Letters from Abroad: “Ion.— […] [T]here were contests in every species of…”
The story
Learned borrowing from Latin Panathēnaea, and from its etymon Ancient Greek Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (Pănăthḗnaiă), a noun use of the neuter plural of Παναθηναῖος (Panathēnaîos, “Panathenian”) (in Παναθήναια ἱερᾰ́ (Panathḗnaia hierắ, “Panathenian solemnities”)), from πᾰν- (păn-, prefix meaning ‘all; every’) + Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos, “of or relating to Athens, Athenian”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos) is derived from either Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”) or Ᾰ̓θήνη (Ăthḗnē, “Athena, patron goddess of Athens”) + -ῐος (-ĭos, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- ‘to protect, to ward’
food, company, pain, father, feed, pope, foster, pattern, fur, apparent, pastor, companion, papa, penetration, patriot, patron, fodder, fad, pasture, perpetrator, forage, ayr, paternity, padre, accompaniment, paternal, perpetrate, panini, père, pav, patrimony, patrician, pater, compere, pantaloons, pannier, 60 more
Today it means
name A festival formerly held annually in Athens to honour the city's patron goddess Athena, involving animal sacrifices, a grand procession, and, every fourth year, athletic and musical contests.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- / Panathenaea