English
compulsory
Compulsory comes from Latin compulsus ‘compelled’, from pellō ‘to push, drive, hurl, impel, propel’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm ‘beside, near, by, with’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱóm‘beside, near, by, with’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*kom‘with, along, at’reconstructed
- Proto-Italic, derivedc. 1500–700 BCE*kom-‘together’reconstructed
- Proto-Italic, derivedc. 1500–700 BCE*pelnō‘to approach’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEpellō‘to push, drive, hurl, impel, propel’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEcompellō
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEcompulsus‘compelled’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CEcompulsorius
- Englishearliest quotation 1827compulsory
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
Earlier history uncertain.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱóm‘beside, near, by, with’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*kom‘with, along, at’reconstructed
- Proto-Italic, derivedc. 1500–700 BCE*kom-‘together’reconstructed
- Proto-Italic, derivedc. 1500–700 BCE*pelnō‘to approach’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEpellō‘to push, drive, hurl, impel, propel’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEcompellō
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEcompulsus‘compelled’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CEcompulsorius
- Englishearliest quotation 1827compulsory
Earliest quotation: 1827, A. D. Jr., Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal: “They are entirely private concerns, established by individual teachers,…”
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *ḱe ‘Deictic particle, here’
through Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm ‘beside, near, by, with’
among, gain, comply, hind, likeness, kata, limbed, 31 more
through Proto-Italic *kom ‘with, along, at’
consideration, cum, cue, 14 more
through Proto-Italic *kom- ‘together’
conference, consider, competition, counter, consistent, concrete, con, commodity, contra, concierge, connotation, condiment, condescend, 15 more
through Proto-Italic *pelnō ‘to approach’
impulse, repellent, repulse, 11 more
through Latin pellō ‘to push, drive, hurl, impel, propel’
appeal, repeal, pulse, appellate, expel, repel, propel, dispel, propulsion, expulsion, pelt, compel, rappel, impel, 17 more
Today it means
adj Required; obligatory; mandatory.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm / compulsory