English
judgment
Judgment comes from Old French jugement, from Latin iūdicō ‘to examine judicially, judge, pass judgement,…’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- ‘straight, upright, right’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂yew-‘straight, upright, right’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂yéwosreconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*jowos‘court of law’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEiūs‘law, right’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEiūdex‘judge’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEiūdicō‘to examine judicially, judge, pass judgement, decide’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CEiūdicāmentum
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400jugement
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500juggement
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1590–1591judgment
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂yew-‘straight, upright, right’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂yéwosreconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*jowos‘court of law’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEiūs‘law, right’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEiūdex‘judge’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEiūdicō‘to examine judicially, judge, pass judgement, decide’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CEiūdicāmentum
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400jugement
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500juggement
- Englishearliest quotation c. 1590–1591judgment
Earliest quotation: c. 1590–1591, William Shakespeare, The Two Gentlemen of Verona: “She in my judgment was as fair as you.”
The story
Partially displaced doom.
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- ‘straight, upright, right’
yet, jurist, injurious, 22 more
through Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwos
justify, justification, injustice, 21 more
through Proto-Italic *jowos ‘court of law’
through Latin iūs ‘law, right’
through Latin iūdex ‘judge’
through Latin iūdicō ‘to examine judicially, judge, pass judgement,…’
judge, judicial, preach, judiciary, prejudice, predicament, predicate, judicious, adjudicate, judicature, 11 more
Today it means
noun The act of judging.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- / judgment