English
patroness
Patroness comes from Latin patrōnus ‘a protector, patron’, from pater ‘father’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ph₂tḗr‘father’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*patēr‘father’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEpateras patris‘father’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEpatrōnus‘a protector, patron’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CEpatronissa
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500patronesse‘a female patron saint or divinity’
- Englishearliest quotation 1590patroness
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Earlier history uncertain.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ph₂tḗr‘father’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*patēr‘father’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEpateras patris‘father’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEpatrōnus‘a protector, patron’
- Late Latinc. 200–600 CEpatronissa
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500patronesse‘a female patron saint or divinity’
- Englishearliest quotation 1590patroness
Earliest quotation: 1590, Edmund Spenser, Book III, Canto X: “And Night, the patronesse of love-stealth fayre, / Gave…”
Formed from patron + -ess
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr ‘father’
…
Latin pater ‘father’
Latin patrōnus ‘a protector, patron’
Old French patron
Middle English patroun
English patron
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- ‘to protect, to ward’
company, food, pain, feed, pope, foster, apparent, fur, pastor, companion, fodder, fad, pasture, papal, penetration, forage, accompaniment, panini, fatherly, pav, patrician, pannier, pantaloons, 58 more
through Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr ‘father’
through Latin pater ‘father’
papa, perpetrator, paternity, paternal, padre, père, perpetrate, pater, compere, patrimony, 17 more
through Latin patrōnus ‘a protector, patron’
Today it means
noun A female patron goddess or saint.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr / patroness