English
presume
Presume comes from Latin praesūmere ‘to take beforehand, anticipate’, and goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁em-.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₁em-‘to take’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*emō‘to take’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEsūmōas sūmere‘to take’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEpraesūmere‘to take beforehand, anticipate’
- Anglo-Normanc. 1066–1400presumer
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500presumen
- Englishearliest quotation 1609presume
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₁em-‘to take’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*emō‘to take’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEsūmōas sūmere‘to take’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEpraesūmere‘to take beforehand, anticipate’
- Anglo-Normanc. 1066–1400presumer
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500presumen
- Englishearliest quotation 1609presume
Earliest quotation: 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 22: “Presume not on thy heart when mine is slain;…”
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- ‘to take’
exempt, pomade, pommel, 57 more
through Proto-Italic *emō ‘to take’
premium, ransom, redemption, exemption, redeem, emptor, preemption, 48 more
through Latin sūmō ‘to take’
consumer, assume, assumption, consume, sumptuous, résumé, consumable, overconsumption, 33 more
Today it means
verb To be so presumptuous as (to do something) without proper authority or permission [with to (+ infinitive)].
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- / presume