English
adjoint
Adjoint comes from French adjoindre ‘to join’, from Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ‘to be joining’, and ultimately from *yewg- ‘to join, to yoke, to tie together’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*yewg-‘to join, to yoke, to tie together’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*yunégti‘to be joining’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*jungō‘to join’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEiungō‘join, connect, attach’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEadiungō‘to add, join, attach, append, annex or bind to (something)’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400ajoindre
- Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600adjoindre
- Frenchc. 1600–presentadjoindre‘to join’
- Englishearliest quotation 1798adjoint
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*yewg-‘to join, to yoke, to tie together’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*yunégti‘to be joining’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*jungō‘to join’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEiungō‘join, connect, attach’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEadiungō‘to add, join, attach, append, annex or bind to (something)’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400ajoindre
- Middle Frenchc. 1400–1600adjoindre
- Frenchc. 1600–presentadjoindre‘to join’
- Englishearliest quotation 1798adjoint
Earliest quotation: 1798, Theobald Wolfe Tone, The Writings of Theobald Wolfe Tone 1763-98: “. Nominated the citizens Fayolles, captain of infantry, and…”
The story
In the case of category theory (which brings together concepts from numerous fields), the term is often confounded with adjunct and the relationship is called an adjunction.disputed Scholars disagree here; the competing view is quoted as the source gives it. The origin of any particular usage may therefore be uncertain.uncertain The source flags this step as uncertain.
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *yewg- ‘to join, to yoke, to tie together’
yoga, injunction, yogi, yoke, conjugate, jodi, jugular, conjugation, rejoin, subjugate, zygote, yojana, yuga, 34 more
through Proto-Italic *jungō ‘to join’
conjunction, disjunction, joiner, disjoint, enjoin, 10 more
through Latin iungō ‘join, connect, attach’
join, junction, junta, juncture, juxtaposition, subjunctive, conjunct, jostle, 15 more
through Latin adiungō ‘to add, join, attach, append, annex or bind to…’
Today it means
adj Used in certain contexts, in each case involving a pair of transformations, one of which is, or is analogous to, conjugation (either inner automorphism or complex conjugation).
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *yewg- / adjoint