English
co-
Co- comes from Proto-Italic *kom- ‘together’, from *kom ‘with, along, at’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm ‘beside, near, by, with’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱóm‘beside, near, by, with’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*kom‘with, along, at’reconstructed
- Proto-Italic, derivedc. 1500–700 BCE*kom-‘together’reconstructed
- Englishtodayco-
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
Earlier history uncertain.
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*ḱóm‘beside, near, by, with’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*kom‘with, along, at’reconstructed
- Proto-Italic, derivedc. 1500–700 BCE*kom-‘together’reconstructed
- Englishtodayco-
The story
Learned borrowing from Latin co-, from con-, from Proto-Italic *kom-, from *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm, possibly from *ḱe.
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *ḱe ‘Deictic particle, here’
through Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm ‘beside, near, by, with’
among, gain, comply, hind, likeness, kata, limbed, 31 more
through Proto-Italic *kom ‘with, along, at’
consideration, cum, cue, 14 more
through Proto-Italic *kom- ‘together’
conference, consider, competition, consistent, counter, concrete, con, commodity, compulsory, contra, compel, concierge, connotation, condiment, condescend, 15 more
Today it means
prefix Jointly: the root verb is done in coordination between multiple actors or entities
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm / co-