English
establish
Establish comes from Old French establir, from Latin stabiliō, from stabilis ‘firm’, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- ‘to stand’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*steh₂-‘to stand’uncertain
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*sth₂éh₁yeti‘to be standing’uncertain
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*staēō‘to stand’uncertain
- Proto-Italic, derivedc. 1500–700 BCE*staðlis‘standing firm’uncertain
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEstabilis‘firm, steady’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEstabiliō‘to make firm, establish’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400establir‘to establish’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500establissen‘to establish’
- Englishearliest quotation 1611establish
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*steh₂-‘to stand’uncertain
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*sth₂éh₁yeti‘to be standing’uncertain
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*staēō‘to stand’uncertain
- Proto-Italic, derivedc. 1500–700 BCE*staðlis‘standing firm’uncertain
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEstabilis‘firm, steady’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEstabiliō‘to make firm, establish’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400establir‘to establish’
- Middle Englishc. 1150–1500establissen‘to establish’
- Englishearliest quotation 1611establish
Earliest quotation: 1611, The Holy Bible, London: […] Robert Barker: “But with thee will I establish my covenant; and…”
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- ‘to stand (up)’
state, system, post, stay, stand, constitution, stood, stadium, assistant, consistent, contest, assistance, stem, assist, destination, testimony, destiny, static, insist, resist, persistent, consist, prostitution, stud, prostitute, stool, substitution, persist, stamina, stale, stead, solstice, armistice, astute, restitution, attest, subsistence, stow, testimonial, destitute, 139 more
through Proto-Italic *staējō
arrest, instantaneous, distantly, restive, instantiation, 14 more
through Proto-Italic *staēō ‘to stand’
rest, distance, instance, instant, substance, distant, stationary, extant, oust, distal, obstetric, 19 more
through Proto-Italic *staðlis
through Latin stabilis ‘firm, steady, stable’
Today it means
verb To make stable or firm; to confirm.
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- / establish