English
antagonize
Antagonize comes from Ancient Greek ἀνταγωνίζομαι ‘to struggle against, prove a match for’, from ᾰ̓́γω ‘to lead’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- ‘to drive’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂eǵ-‘to drive’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂éǵeti‘to be driving’reconstructed
- Proto-Hellenicc. 2200–1600 BCE*ágō‘to lead, to guide’reconstructed
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEᾰ̓́γωắgō‘to lead’
- Ancient Greek, derivedc. 800–300 BCEἀγών‘a struggle’
- Ancient Greek, derivedc. 800–300 BCEἀγωνίζομαι‘to struggle, exert oneself’
- Ancient Greek, derivedc. 800–300 BCEἀνταγωνίζομαιantagōnízomai‘to struggle against, prove a match for’
- Englishtodayantagonize
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed deepest recorded ancestor
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂eǵ-‘to drive’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*h₂éǵeti‘to be driving’reconstructed
- Proto-Hellenicc. 2200–1600 BCE*ágō‘to lead, to guide’reconstructed
- Ancient Greekc. 800–300 BCEᾰ̓́γωắgō‘to lead’
- Ancient Greek, derivedc. 800–300 BCEἀγών‘a struggle’
- Ancient Greek, derivedc. 800–300 BCEἀγωνίζομαι‘to struggle, exert oneself’
- Ancient Greek, derivedc. 800–300 BCEἀνταγωνίζομαιantagōnízomai‘to struggle against, prove a match for’
- Englishtodayantagonize
Equivalent to ant- + agon + -ize
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- ‘to gather’
Proto-Hellenic *agéřřō ‘to collect, to gather’
Ancient Greek ἀγείρω ‘to collect, gather’
Ancient Greek ἀγών ‘contest’
Latin agōn ‘a contest’
English agon
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- ‘to drive’
suggest, register, reaction, actively, essay, transaction, acre, gesture, radioactive, digest, inactive, congestion, retroactive, belligerent, agrarian, unambiguous, progesterone, hyperactivity, ingestion, ingest, gestation, reagent, ambiguously, agitate, samaj, agger, gerund, gestion, 132 more
through Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti ‘to be driving’
act, action, active, activity, actual, agency, actor, agent, agenda, activate, ambiguous, squat, ambiguity, assay, agile, agility, radium, actuator, agitation, axiomatic, cogent, actuation, inexact, actuate, exigent, 115 more
through Proto-Hellenic *ágō ‘to lead, to guide’
strategy, axiom, stratagem, glucagon, 26 more
through Ancient Greek ἀγών ‘a struggle’
through Ancient Greek ἀγωνίζομαι ‘to struggle, exert oneself’
Today it means
verb To work against; to oppose (especially to incite a reaction).
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- / antagonize