English
estrange
Estrange comes from Old French estranger ‘to treat as a stranger’, from Latin extrā ‘outside’, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- ‘to bear, carry’.
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰer-‘to bear, carry’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰéreti‘to bear, carry’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*ferō‘to carry, bear’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEferō‘to bear, carry, bring’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEauferō‘to take away’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEablātīvusas ablativeperfect passive participle of auferō
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEextrā‘outside’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEextraneus‘foreigner, stranger’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400estranger‘to treat as a stranger’
- Englishearliest quotation 1945estrange
attested reconstructed ? uncertain or disputed
Lineage
- Proto-Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰer-‘to bear, carry’reconstructed
- Proto-Indo-European, derivedc. 4500–2500 BCE*bʰéreti‘to bear, carry’reconstructed
- Proto-Italicc. 1500–700 BCE*ferō‘to carry, bear’reconstructed
- Latinc. 75 BCE–200 CEferō‘to bear, carry, bring’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEauferō‘to take away’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEablātīvusas ablativeperfect passive participle of auferō
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEextrā‘outside’
- Latin, derivedc. 75 BCE–200 CEextraneus‘foreigner, stranger’
- Old Frenchc. 842–1400estranger‘to treat as a stranger’
- Englishearliest quotation 1945estrange
Earliest quotation: 1945, Martin Buber, For the Sake of Heaven: “And thou thyself, Jaacob Yitzchak, dost thou mind how…”
The story
Also see Spanish extraño.
Linked words
through Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- ‘to bear, carry’
bar, birth, prefer, broad, bread, fortune, burden, barrel, bearing, barn, bore, fury, baron, breeze, bark, berth, broom, barrow, embargo, fret, ferret, insufferable, furtive, bier, bahar, proffer, birr, barrette, bairn, burnish, 113 more
through Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti ‘to bear, carry’
bear, borne, phosphate, phosphorus, euphoria, dysphoria, semaphore, indifferently, phosphine, 91 more
through Proto-Italic *ferō ‘to carry, bear’
suffering, differently, differentiation, indifferent, infertility, deference, infertile, differentially, deferential, differentiable, differentiator, 68 more
through Latin ferō ‘to bear, carry, bring’
different, offer, difference, reference, relative, suffer, relation, relate, transfer, differ, referendum, translation, referee, fertility, fertile, translate, defer, confer, infer, fertilization, elated, elation, collation, fertilize, dilate, collate, efferent, oblate, 79 more
through Latin auferō ‘to take away’
through Latin ablātīvus
frustration, infra, frustrate, ablative, 2 more
through Latin extrā ‘outside’
extraordinary, extravagant, 3 more
through Latin extraneus ‘foreigner, stranger’
Today it means
verb To cause to feel less close or friendly; alienate. To cease contact with (particularly of a family member or spouse, especially in form estranged).
Language periods are conventional ranges, not dates for this word.
Etymograph / Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- / estrange